Identification of Aquatic Macro-invertebrates and Determination of E. coli and Heavy Metals in Rawal Lake, Pakistan

Water is an important constituent of life’s support system. However, industrial growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities have affected the quality water bodies mostly in world. The aim study was to assess Rawal Lake, Pakistan, which source drinking for residents Islamabad Rawalpindi, using macro-invertebrates as pollution indicators, through microbial heavy metal analysis. For this purpose, samples were collected from Lake (Korang Nala Entrance), (Centre) (Spillway) points. preserved transported Kinnaird College laboratory, where like caddisfly, boatman, bugs, gilled snails, mayflies etc. identified with help identification guides keys, while presence E. coli metals: Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese Zinc assessed. results showed that sensitive found (Centre), indicating undergoes a self-cleaning process, whereas, had tolerant species, signified these areas moderately polluted. Simpsons’ Index Diversity indicated high level diversity area (0.85). Microbial analysis all three sampling points lake. levels Cadmium 0.007 ppm, Spillway 0.014 ppm) toexceed World Health Organization permissible limits (0.005 ppm), samples, however, concentration values other metals within limits. Thus, it concluded considered fit purposes residential commercial after being processed treatment plant.